Comparison of the response of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the high-latitude regions of the North Atlantic during the warm periods of the 1920s–1960s and the 1990s–2000s     

Ken Drinkwater   《Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography》2009,56(21-22):2087

Concern about future anthropogenic warming has lead to demands for information on what might happen to fish and fisheries under various climate-change scenarios. One suggestion has been to use past events as a proxy for what will happen in the future. In this paper a comparison between the responses of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) to two major warm periods in the North Atlantic during the 20th century is carried out to determine how reliable the past might be as a predictor of the future. The first warm period began during the 1920s, remained relatively warm through the 1960s, and was limited primarily to the northern regions (>60°N). The second warm period, which again covered the northern regions but also extended farther south (30°N), began in the 1990s and has continued into the present century. During the earlier warm period, the most northern of the cod stocks (West Greenland, Icelandic, and Northeast Arctic cod in the Barents Sea) increased in abundance, individual growth was high, recruitment was strong, and their distribution spread northward. Available plankton data suggest that these cod responses were driven by bottom-up processes. Fishing pressure increased during this period of high cod abundance and the northern cod stocks began to decline, as early as the 1950s in the Barents Sea but during the 1960s elsewhere. Individual growth declined as temperatures cooled and the cod distributions retracted southward. During the warming in the 1990s, the spawning stock biomass of cod in the Barents Sea again increased, recruitment rose, and the stock spread northward, but the individual growth did not improve significantly. Cod off West Greenland also have shown signs of improving recruitment and increasing biomass, albeit they are still very low in comparison to the earlier warming period. The abundance of Icelandic cod, on the other hand, has remained low through the recent warm period and spawning stock biomass and total biomass are at levels near the lowest on record. The different responses of cod to the two warm events, in particular the reduced cod production during the recent warm period, are attributed to the effects of intense fishing pressure and possibly related ecosystem changes. The implications of the results of the comparisons on the development of cod scenarios under future climate change are addressed.  相似文献   

Spatial policy and the behavior of fishermen     

Branka Valcic 《Marine Policy》2009

Fishery policy makers would often benefit from information on how a policy might change fishermen behavior before the policy is implemented. This paper contributes to the literature by comparing simulated behavioral response with actual response to a spatial policy using a discrete choice model of fishing location choice. The results point to the inherent problem of the simulation's inability to capture the fundamental change in the nature of the choice problem that occurs with the change in policy. Addressing this problem will be important as these models continue to be used to inform policy makers.  相似文献   

The restoration of fishing services and the conveyance of risk information in the Southern California Bight     

William S. Breffle  Kristen K. Maroney 《Marine Policy》2009

Southern California's marine areas are heavily contaminated with dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and polychlorinated-biphenyls (PCBs), and fish consumption advisories (FCAs) have been issued throughout the region. Between 2002 and 2003, the Montrose Angler Survey, a large-scale survey of subsistence anglers, was developed and implemented on site in Orange and Los Angeles counties. This survey was intended to assist natural resource trustees in the development of restoration programs that will address injuries to natural resources and restore lost economic services for anglers, but the data were never fully analyzed. The trustees have shown a clear preference for ecological restoration programs that may take years to improve fishing services. In contrast, this analysis, which includes a random-parameter fishing site choice model, demonstrates that simple, inexpensive programs such as better signage to warn of FCAs and transportation to clean sites have the potential to yield substantial benefits quickly. This paper also focuses on how different ethnic minority groups are affected by FCAs, and determines how best to communicate risk information and change fishing behavior through outreach programs.  相似文献   

风管式气举反循环钻具及其在大口径钻井施工中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

程林  满国祥  朱立强  王慧岭  任立坤  王轲 《探矿工程》2014,41(3):44-47

目前大口径钻井施工中常用的泥浆正循环钻进存在着泥浆流速慢、携渣能力差、重复破碎严重、钻井效率低、钻头磨损快、能源消耗大、钻井事故发生率高等问题,气举反循环钻进工艺可有效解决上述问题。风管式气举反循环钻井工艺简单易实现,能有效减少重复破碎,钻进效率高,能源消耗少,钻头寿命长,成井质量好,对涌水和漏失均有很好的抑制作用。介绍了风管式气举反循环钻井工艺原理、专用钻具及其现场使用情况。  相似文献   

大直径气举反循环成套钻具的研制          下载免费PDF全文

袁志坚 《探矿工程》2014,41(12):44-48

介绍了大直径气举反循环成套钻具的研制背景、设计原则、结构尺寸和主要技术参数。该套钻具不仅强度大,连接便捷,而且充分考虑了通气、通泥浆、泥浆补给三大通道面积等因素,采用内平设计。经生产试验,完全能满足大直径工程井气举反循环钻进的需要。  相似文献   

深孔及松软地层大口径绳索取心钻具的研究与应用          下载免费PDF全文

李晓晖  程林  李艳丽  和新  孔令沪  满国祥  朱立强  闫路  王家一  张慧杰 《探矿工程》2014,41(12):49-52

为解决深孔大口径及松软地层取心难的问题,推进取心钻探技术的发展,研发了一套大口径绳索取心钻具。着重介绍了大口径绳索取心钻具的结构特点、技术参数、技术创新及使用效果。应用结果表明,该大口径绳索取心钻具结构合理、各机构动作可靠、岩心采取率高,能够满足深孔及松软地层的取心要求。  相似文献   

与T63数值预报产品相结合的江苏西南大风的预报方法   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

杜京朝  濮梅娟 《气象科学》1998,18(3):271-277

国家气象中心发送的T63数值预告产品在本台于95年6月份投入业务运行,为尽好、尽快地最大限度地将T63数值产品投入业务使用,以发挥其作用,从而具体体现T63的价值所在、在这方面,我们作了一些探讨与尝试。我们把《江苏大面积西南大风预报工具》与T63数值预告产品进行结合与释用,取得了良好的效果。  相似文献   

利用UML模型构建Geodatabase的方法与实践   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

於家  吴健平 《测绘与空间地理信息》2008,31(1):6-11

利用UML模型生成Geodatabase数据库便于数据库的更新及移植,同时能很好地反映数据库结构及对象之间的关系。论文分析了利用VISIO建模工具构建Geodatabase的UML模型以及在此基础上利用ArcGIS Desktop相关模块生成Geodatabase数据库的方法,并以上海市绿化林业信息数据库为例,演示了Geodatabase的创建及更新过程。  相似文献   

JD直连式深孔绳索取心钻杆的研制与应用          下载免费PDF全文

许华松  覃强华  熊海书 《探矿工程》2008,35(10):33-35

根据深部找矿的需要,立足于我国目前钻探设备现状和材料冶炼及机械加工水平,通过对钻杆选材、结构、制造工艺的创新,研制了一种两端镦粗后整体热处理再车螺纹的新型深孔绳索取心钻杆及配套钻具,经使用,效果达到了设计要求。  相似文献   

Deciphering potential groundwater zone in hard rock through the application of GIS   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

R. K. Prasad  N. C. Mondal  Pallavi Banerjee  M. V. Nandakumar  V. S. Singh 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(3):467-475

Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System has become one of the leading tools in the field of hydrogeological science, which helps in assessing, monitoring and conserving groundwater resources. It allows manipulation and analysis of individual layer of spatial data. It is used for analysing and modelling the interrelationship between the layers. This paper mainly deals with the integrated approach of Remote Sensing and geographical information system (GIS) to delineate groundwater potential zones in hard rock terrain. The remotely sensed data at the scale of 1:50,000 and topographical information from available maps, have been used for the preparation of ground water prospective map by integrating geology, geomorphology, slope, drainage-density and lineaments map of the study area. Further, the data on yield of aquifer, as observed from existing bore wells in the area, has been used to validate the groundwater potential map. The final result depicts the favourable prospective zones in the study area and can be helpful in better planning and management of groundwater resources especially in hard rock terrains.  相似文献